Liquid Metal Reinforced Double-Network Hydrogels for Flexible and Stretchable Strain Sensors

. The reversible deformation of the double-network structure enabled strain sensors with high sensitivity (GF = 4.8), a wide sensing range, and fast response. Abundant -OH and -COOH groups imparted strong adhesion to substrates such as porcine skin (68.04 kPa). The hydrogel also exhibited favorable biocompatibility and antibacterial activity. This strategy demonstrates the synergistic enhancement of mechanical, electrical, and interfacial properties of hydrogels via double-network design coupled with functional nanoparticle incorporation, showing promise for electronic skin and wearable health monitoring applications.