Balancing yield, quality, and nutrition through fine-tuned brassinosteroid signalling.

Increasing evidence indicates that brassinosteroids (BRs) signalling influences not only yield but also crop quality and nutritional attributes that underpin consumer preference and food security. This review synthesises recent insights into BR-mediated signalling networks controlling panicle architecture, grain or fruit size and shape, influencing yield, quality, and nutrition-related traits across cereals and horticultural crops. We highlight how targeted manipulation of BR signalling components, together with their interactions with other hormonal pathways and natural variation, can be tapped to address future nutritional targets across crops. By consolidating mechanistic and translational advances, this review provides a conceptual framework to guide the rational exploration of BR signalling for the simultaneous improvement of yield, quality, and nutritional value in major crop species.