Cross-sectional study shows a link between indoor soccer training and executive function in preadolescents, implying potential cognitive benefits.
, supporting the role of team sports in cognitive development. However, the cross-sectional design, modest sample size (power ∼.48), and lack of assessor blinding limit causal inferences and generalizability. Future longitudinal studies with larger, diverse samples are needed to establish causality and inform targeted sports programs.
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Kaddouri et al. (2026) studied this question.
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