Data‐Efficient Generation of Synthetic Microstructures of Polymer‐Bonded Energetic Material With Fine‐Tuned Stable Diffusion

Among current deep learning approaches for synthetic image generation, diffusion‐based models stand out in terms of algorithmic stability and ability to retain high‐fidelity image features with detailed resolution. In this work, we employ Dreambooth, a method for fine‐tuning Stable Diffusion, on X‐ray CT images of microstructure of the polymer‐bonded form (PBX) of a commonly used high explosive, Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), which yields generative models for creating synthetic PBX images. The models developed here represent five classes (or ‘lots’) of microstructures and demonstrate successful generation of images of each class with high fidelity, as verified by computed classification accuracy of ∼ 94% or higher. Data augmentation afforded by such image synthesis can be used to more reliably decipher underlying statistics, build processing‐structure correlations, recognize off‐normal structural anomalies, and identify age‐related changes. Ideas related to converting image data into appropriate density mapping and performing mesoscale simulation or surrogate modeling of detonation are also discussed.