Efficient Dynamic Potential Stabilization via a Bioinspired Ion Pump Prevents Sensing Signals Drift

pumping process. The constructed self-powered respiration sensor demonstrated stable operation for 480 h in ambient air without external power, exhibiting a minimal performance degradation rate of only 0.2% (compared to 13.9% in oxygen-free environments). This work proposes an oxygen-driven bioinspired ion-pumping strategy, offering a novel pathway to overcome persistent energy supply challenges in potentiometric sensors.