High-performance plasmonic biosensor for blood urea detection using SiC/black phosphorus/AgBr hybrid layers

Accurately detecting blood urea levels is essential for evaluating cardiovascular and renal health. In this study, we introduce a novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor that combines silicon carbide (SiC), black phosphorus (BP), and silver bromide (AgBr) nanostructures to enhance both the sensitivity and reliability of optical urea detection. To achieve optimal angular sensitivity, we systematically adjusted the material thicknesses within the sensor’s design, utilizing the Kretschmann configuration and the transfer matrix method for our mathematical modeling. Our simulations demonstrated an exceptional maximum sensitivity of 416.79 °/RIU. This represents a significant improvement over conventional SPR sensors, enabling the precise quantification of urea within clinically meaningful concentration ranges. Because it offers rapid, clear, and cost-effective detection, this proposed biosensor holds great promise as an advanced tool for early medical diagnosis and ongoing cardiac and renal monitoring.