As a key component of turbomachinery, the performance of blades directly determines the efficiency, service life and reliability of the entire machine. In recent years, with the development of energy equipment toward higher temperature, higher pressure, higher rotation speed and lighter weight, the higher requirements have been put forward for blade materials and manufacturing processes. This paper systematically reviews the development of blade materials, including the evolution from heat‐resistant steel and stainless steel to nickel‐based superalloys, titanium alloys, titanium‐aluminum alloys, and then to high‐temperature composite materials. It summarizes the principles, advantages and limitations of major manufacturing methods such as casting, forging, powder metallurgy (PM), additive manufacturing (AM), and electrochemical machining (ECM). Moreover, it analyzes the matching performance and applicable scenarios of different materials and manufacturing processes. Most existing reviews focus on a single material or manufacturing process and lack a cross‐cutting analysis of the material‐process synergistic mechanism. On this basis, future development trends such as multimaterial integration, digital manufacturing, in‐service repairability and breakthroughs in ultrahigh‐temperature materials are proposed, aiming to provide references for the optimization of blade design and manufacturing.
Sun et al. (Tue,) studied this question.