Review and comparison of the methods of designing the Digital Twin

Digitization is changing our world and industry. One of the flagships of the current industrial revolution, the so-called Industry 4.0, is the digital twin. The term digital twin is being widely discussed, but it is often unclear to the operators and contractors what added value can be generated from the digital twin and how business models can be shaped in the digital world due to unclear creation and updating procedures and costs. The deterrent factors are the large-scale effort of building the digital twin and synchronizing it with the real object. The partial models as well as the planning, live and historical data have to be integrated into a single framework. The goal of this paper is to analyze different applications and the possible design methods of the digital twin. Another aim is to present the advantages and disadvantages of the respective methods and to suggest suitable design methods for the selected applications.