One-pot procedures for the preparation of highly substituted indenes, tetrahydroindenes, and cyclopentadienes have been developed by using a combination of zirconocene-mediated Cbond;C-bond-forming reactions with Lewis acid mediated activation of carbonyl groups. The carbonyl groups of aldehydes were deoxygenated in the reaction and behaved formally as a one-carbon unit. A variety of Lewis acids were checked and showed different reactivities in this reaction.
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Zhao et al. (2002) studied this question.