Proarrhythmogenic Effect of the L532P and N588K KCNH2 Mutations in the Human Heart Using a 3D Electrophysiological Model

Figures

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  Fig. 1. CRN cell model diagram (A), N588K and L532P mutations in the S5 sub-unit of the IKr channel and in the S4 voltage sensor, respectively (B). CRN = Courtemanche-Ramirez-Nattel.

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  Fig. 2. IKr current profiles (A), Action potential (B).

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  Fig. 3. Mesh of the 3D atrial model.

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  Fig. 4. Description of the S1-S2 protocol in the 2D (A) and 3D (B) models.

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  Fig. 5. Spiral wave activity and action potential shape observed in the 2D tissue model. WT (A), N588K mutation (B), and L532P mutation (C).

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  Fig. 6. Spiral wave activity and action potential shape observed in the 3D atrial model. WT (A), N588K mutation (B), and L532P mutation (C).

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  Fig. 7. “Vulnerability to re-entry” grid constructed by summarizing the outcomes at varying S10th and S11th intervals. F = failure to initiate S11th stimulus, P = normal propagation of S2 beat, R = re-entry.