IoT-based Low Cost Architecture for Smart Farming

Food security has been always a critical challenge for humankind, especially for developing countries. Different players around the world are engaged at different levels to resolve and overcome this challenge. Smart farming is one of the areas of interest in which Internet of Things (IoT) is presented as one of many paradigms that can be explored to manage crops in real-time. Crop's Management that is practicable through introducing of new practices, surveying important parameters and eventually improving the quality of crops. In this paper, we present an IoT-based low-cost architecture for smart farming based on wireless sensors network technology. The architecture supports the plug-and-play nodes approach. The system is based on the implementation of the change point detection algorithm and leach protocol for network clustering. This solution supports near real-time monitoring, data processing, and aid to improve decision-making. Heterogeneous wireless sensor nodes timely survey parameters such as soil moisture, ambient temperature, air quality, etc. Generated data is periodically transmitted to the relevant cluster heads. The Base Station gathers data from the cluster heads for eventual processing and storing. Extensive simulation runs show an improvement of 137% in terms of first dead node and improvement of 123% in terms of network lifetime.