), plaque, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence assays, while maintaining >90% cell viability. These nanosheets significantly reduced infectious titers, viral RNA replication, and intracellular viral protein expression, indicating inhibition at early stages of viral entry and propagation. The sequence programmability, chemical robustness, and mutation-insensitive antiviral activity distinguish 2DNMs from traditional antivirals and position them as a versatile material platform for antiviral coatings, protective barriers, and prophylactic biomedical applications.
Phillips et al. (2026) studied this question.