A Critical Review of the Impact of Perceived Ethical Fairness in Taekwondo Digital Officiating on Competitive Anxiety

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Key Points

The aim is to explore how perceived ethical fairness in Taekwondo digital officiating mediates the connection between trust and competitive anxiety.
Conducted a critical literature review focusing on prior studies published in KCI and SSCI journals.
Applied normative theories of sports ethics such as deontology, virtue ethics, utilitarianism, and contractarianism to reconstruct the interplay of technology, norms, and psychology.
Extracted key arguments related to ethical tasks and moral uncertainties from Taekwondo's digital officiating context.
Digital officiating in Taekwondo entails ethical challenges beyond mere technical accuracy, highlighting issues of justice and legitimacy.
Competitive anxiety may stem from emotional indicators of moral uncertainty linked to procedural deficits and accountability.
Proposes a conceptual model and measurement structure for future quantitative verification of the 'perceived fairness-trust-competitive anxiety' relationship.

Critical review analyzes how perceived ethical fairness affects competitive anxiety through trust in Taekwondo.

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Jun-Seong Hwang (2026) studied this question.

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