This study explores the development of a non-invasive glucose monitoring device based on 6% Ru-doped Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 (BST) thin films. The films were fabricated via the sol-gel spin-coating method onto p-type Si(100) substrates. Ru doping was found to decrease band gap energy, while increasing lattice constants and improving particle size uniformity. The gas sensing performance was evaluated by detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) related to halitosis, including hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, and acetone. High sensitivity to acetone, a key biomarker associated with diabetes, was observed. The sensor was integrated with a microcontroller to predict blood glucose levels through breath analysis. Device measurements were compared against a commercial glucometer. Statistical evaluation, including linear correlation, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and Bland-Altman analysis, indicated good agreement between the developed device and the standard method. These findings demonstrate the potential of Ru-doped BST thin films for non-invasive, portable glucose monitoring applications. • Non-invasive glucose monitoring using 6% Ru-doped BST thin films. • Sol–gel spin-coating enabled controlled film growth and lattice expansion. • Ru doping improved microstructure and particle size uniformity. • Sensor showed high sensitivity to acetone in the 0–5 ppm range. • Device demonstrated strong agreement with commercial glucometer.
Syafutra et al. (Thu,) studied this question.