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This study investigates the relationship between cardiometabolic factors and benign prostatic hyperplasia in men.

May 16, 2026F1000Research0 citationsOpen Access

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Among Men Attending a Tertiary Health Centre in Enugu State, Nigeria: A Case–Control Study

TMTAMEGNON Dévi MarietteGuiana Space Centre OOOiku Marcellus OmofumaOsmania Medical College MGManognya GaddamMamata Medical College

Key Points

This study investigates the relationship between cardiometabolic factors and benign prostatic hyperplasia in men.
Conducted an unmatched case-control study at a tertiary health center in Nigeria from July to September 2025
Included 150 men with symptomatic BPH and 150 controls without significant urinary symptoms
Data analyzed using SPSS with multivariate logistic regression to identify independent predictors of BPH.
Older age increases BPH odds nearly fivefold (AOR = 4.94; 95% CI: 2.31–10.55; p < 0.001)
Diabetes mellitus confers twentyfold higher odds of BPH (AOR = 19.51; 95% CI: 2.24–170.12; p = 0.007)
Near-optimal LDL cholesterol is significantly associated with BPH (AOR = 4.42; 95% CI: 1.82–10.78; p = 0.001).

Abstract

Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common age-related urological condition associated with lower urinary tract symptoms and increasing healthcare burden. The study aims to determine association between selected cardiometabolic factors and benign prostatic hyperplasia among men attending a tertiary health centre in Enugu State, Nigeria. Methods A hospital-based unmatched case–control study was conducted among adult men attending the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria (July–September 2025). Men with symptomatic BPH (IPSS ≥8) were compared with controls without significant urinary symptoms. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent determinants of BPH at p

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