Infection prevention and control (IPC) is essential for safeguarding both patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) from healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and occupational exposure to infectious agents. Globally, HCWs face significant risks, with millions exposed annually to blood-borne pathogens such as Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Despite the critical role of IPC measures in reducing these risks, compliance among frontline health workers remains suboptimal, particularly in resource-limited settings. Poor adherence to IPC practices contributes not only to increased morbidity and mortality but also to substantial economic burdens and adverse mental health outcomes among HCWs. This study examines the factors affecting compliance with IPC measures among frontline health workers at Kailahun Government Hospital in Sierra Leone. A cross-sectional study design was employed to assess the level of compliance and identify associated determinants. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and workplace-related factors influencing IPC practices. Findings from previous studies indicate that inadequate IPC policies, shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), insufficient training, poor attitudes, and workforce constraints significantly hinder effective IPC implementation. Additionally, prolonged working hours and increased age have been associated with a higher risk of occupational exposure among HCWs. These challenges are particularly pronounced in low-resource health systems, where infrastructural and logistical limitations further impede adherence to standard precautions. The study highlights that improving IPC compliance requires a multifaceted approach, including strengthening institutional policies, ensuring consistent availability of PPE, enhancing training and capacity-building initiatives, and addressing workforce shortages. Furthermore, fostering a positive safety culture within healthcare facilities is critical to promoting adherence to IPC guidelines. In conclusion, addressing the barriers to IPC compliance is essential for reducing HAIs, protecting healthcare workers, and improving overall health system performance. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare administrators in designing targeted interventions to enhance IPC practices in similar settings
Bangura Mariama Kadiatu Conteh (Wed,) studied this question.