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A novel approach to emplacing chemically reactive barriers is the injection of zero-valent iron (Fe0) colloids into the subsurface. A difficulty encountered in this approach is that the dense Fe0 colloids (7.6 g/cm3) settle out of solution with time, decreasing the distance the colloids can be injected into the subsurface. Studies were conducted to evaluate if several viscous shear-thinning fluids could enhance Fe0 colloid emplacement in porous media. Aqueous solutions of three nontoxic polymers at different concentrations were investigated: a synthetic high molecular weight polymer [vinyl polymer, (VP)], a biopolymer (gum xanthan, GX), and a cellulose-type polymer (carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC). The use of shear-thinning fluids greatly increases the mobility of the colloidal Fe0 suspensions in porous media. VP was superior to GX and CMC because the VP suspensions produced the lowest back pressures, resulting in the highest hydraulic conductivities.
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Cantrell et al. (1997) studied this question.
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