Porphyromonas gingivalis y su impacto sobre el parto prematuro, bajo peso al nacer y preeclampsia

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative anaerobic pathogen, involved in the development of periodontal disease. Current evidence has associated this periodontopathogen with systemic disorders such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. The aim of this systematic review was to identify, through the literature, the influence of P. gingivalis on the immune response of pregnant women, the presence of this microorganism in placental tissues and its participation in the development of preterm birth, low birth weight and preeclampsia. The review process was structured in the form of a flow chart, according to the PRISMA guidelines. The databases used were PubMed and sciELO with the following search terms: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Pregnancy; Porphyromonas gingivalis and Preterm low birth weight; Preeclampsia, Periodontitis and Pregnancy; including articles, no more than 10 years old. A total of 148 results were obtained. The quality of the articles was evaluated to guarantee the exhaustiveness of the present review. Finally, 24 articles were included. The studies included in this review suggest that Porphyromonas gingivalis influences the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, which is associated with adverse events during pregnancy, including preterm birth, low birth weight and preeclampsia.