Two sets of new fucoxanthin or zeaxanthin-linked pyropheophorbides were prepared to compare the intramolecular excited-state interactions. Fucoxanthin acts as a better antenna toward pyropheophorbide by transferring singlet energy from its S1-state, while zeaxanthin is a poorer antenna and quenches the S1-state of the pyropheophorbide possibly by reverse energy transfer.
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Shinoda et al. (1995) studied this question.
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