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Waste, often overlooked, stands out as a prime source of valuable products, meeting the demand for natural resources. In the face of environmental challenges, this study explores the crucial role of waste-derived catalysts in sustainable practices, emphasizing the transformative potential of solid waste materials. Carbon-based catalysts sourced from agricultural, municipal, and industrial waste streams can be transformed into activated carbon, biochar, and hydrochar which are extensively used adsorbents. Furthermore, the paper also highlights the potential of transition metal-based catalysts derived from spent batteries, electronic waste, and industrial byproducts, showcasing their efficacy in environmental remediation processes. Calcium-based catalysts originating from food waste, including seashells, eggshells, bones, as well as industrial and construction waste also find an extensive application in biodiesel production, providing a comprehensive overview of their promising role in sustainable and eco-friendly practices. From mitigating pollutants to recovering valuable resources, waste-derived catalysts exhibit a versatile role in addressing waste management challenges and promoting resource sustainability. By transforming waste into valuable catalysts, this study champions a paradigm shift towards a more sustainable and resource-efficient future.
Rautela et al. (Sat,) studied this question.
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