White Matter Lesions Progression in Migraine with Aura: A Clinical and MRI Longitudinal Study

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate longitudinal changes in white matter lesions (WMLs) in migraineurs with aura, by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to correlate WMLs modifications with patients' clinical characteristics. METHODS: Forty-one consecutive migraineurs with aura were followed for a mean time of 33.2 months. Patients underwent MRI at baseline and follow-up and were evaluated for cerebrovascular risk factors. Presence of WMLs on MRI was assessed by two neuroradiologists. RESULTS: WMLs were present in 26 subjects (63.4%) at baseline MRI. At follow-up a total of 8 patients had new WMLs (19.5%). There was a significant correlation between aura duration and number of new WMLs, and between the number of migraine attacks with aura and new WMLs. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that in migraine with aura WMLs number can progress over time and suggests an association between aura features and WMLs progression. Studies with a higher number of patients are required to confirm these findings.