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In this paper, the impacts of different network tariffs on the consumption pattern of electricity consumers/prosumers and the resultant effects on the distribution network is evaluated. A home energy management system (HEMS) based mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed for 39 customers connected to a low voltage (LV) residential feeder to analyse the impacts of demand and energy-based tariffs on network performance. Results show that tariffs with a peak-demand component perform better in terms of electricity cost reduction for the customer, as well as in reducing peak demand and line loading for networks with high PV-battery penetration levels.
Azuatalam et al. (Wed,) studied this question.