Multi-hazard Performance and Safety Evaluation of Self-centering Bridge Piers in Earthquake-Impact Tests

Bridges, as critical urban infrastructure, face multi-hazard events (earthquakes and vehicle impacts), yet current standards lack explicit performance guidelines for multiple hazards, underscoring the need for enhanced resilience strategies. Self-centering piers, which resist both vertical and lateral loads, offer promising seismic and multi-hazard performance, though their behavior under combined loading remains insufficiently explored. In this study, 1/3-scale tests on self-centering double-column bridge piers (SCDCBP) and RC double-column bridge piers (RCDCBP) were performed using a hybrid pseudo-static and dynamic loading protocol simulating independent impact and cyclic seismic events. Results indicate that self-centering piers exhibit superior residual self-centering and deformation capacity relative to RCDCBP under post-impact seismic loading, effectively mitigating severe damage. These findings validate the multi-hazard resilience potential of SCDCBP.