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Although many factors contribute to the estab lishment of a violent culture in American prisons, the incidence of violent acts is extremely low. Staff efficiency and the nearly universal expectation of release upon good behavior have offset the factors which theoretically would indicate high incidence of violence. Activity programs as well as concerted efforts to create a correctional milieu have also been effective in keeping the incidence of violence at a low level.
John P. Conrad (Tue,) studied this question.