An analysis of science instruction for the science practices: Examining coherence across system levels and components in current systems of science education in K‐8 schools

Recent reforms in science education advocate for a vision of learning where students figure out science ideas through engagement in science practices. Consequently, there have been significant efforts to engage K‐12 students in the science practices. However, less research attention has been given to understand how this science‐as‐practice vision manifests across systems of science education. Therefore, we analyzed how coherence among system levels (vertical coherence) and components (horizontal coherence) emerged in science instruction and influenced alignment to current science practice reform. We situated instruction in school systems by shadowing four school principals as they supervised science teaching over 4 months. In each school, we observed institutional settings where efforts to implement science reform were largely assimilated into the school's current instructional and administrative systems. These systems prioritized the coverage of state test‐related information, the promotion of literacy skills, and the importance of “hands‐on” science learning. Therefore, we need to create conditions that support educators in translating reform efforts into a reliable working infrastructure in their teaching practice. Further, we suggest greater attention be given to local protocols to collectivize action across system levels and components to develop coherent and user‐centered solutions for implementation of science reform.