Framing a Global Pandemic: Journalism Cultures and Media Coverage of COVID-19 in China, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States

. Statistical test results also indicated differences in how these outlets incorporated fear appeal messages into their news content. Specifically, the Western news organizations were significantly more likely than the Asian outlets to use fear in their coverage. Findings are discussed in the context of differences in the journalism culture and media coverage of the pandemic in the four studied countries.