The ray-tracing method is used to discuss Gaussian optics. After proving that Gaussian optics can be described by matrices, some often-used general formulas for telescopic and focusing systems are derived. This formalism is then used to solve several problems. They are selected to make the reader familiar with the application of the matrix representation of Gaussian optics and to acquaint him with some optical systems that are very useful but not well known among physicists who use optical methods only occasionally.
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K. Halbach (1964) studied this question.