= 2.11 μM). Leveraging this recognition, two βCD-based sensing platforms were developed: a fluorescence "turn-on" sensor (LOD = 4.13 nM) and a self-powered photoelectrochemical sensor with enhanced selectivity (LOD = 3.19 nM). Both sensors were successfully applied to the quantification of 6PPD in road runoff rainwater samples, yielding results in excellent agreement with those of HPLC-MS/MS analysis. This work establishes cyclodextrin host-guest chemistry as an effective recognition strategy for tire-derived contaminants and provides a practical foundation for the rapid, low-cost, and potentially field-deployable monitoring of 6PPD in environmental waters.
Feng et al. (2026) studied this question.