Unequal returns: how race, gender, and precarious employment shape the relationship between educational attainment and depressive symptoms in older American adults

Anita Minh; Sarah B. Andrea; Vanessa M. Oddo; Kieran Blaikie; Anjum Hajat

doi:10.1080/13607863.2026.2664082

May 14, 2026Aging & Mental Health

Unequal returns: how race, gender, and precarious employment shape the relationship between educational attainment and depressive symptoms in older American adults

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Key Points

This study examines how race, gender, and precarious employment influence the relationship between educational attainment and depressive symptoms in older adults.
Longitudinal cohort study with 22,883 participants.
Depressive symptoms assessed using the 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale.
Inverse-probability-weighted Generalized Estimating Equations were applied to analyze data.
Higher educational attainment is associated with lower depressive symptoms overall.
The health benefits from education are less pronounced for Black and Hispanic individuals compared to White individuals.
The impact of precarious employment further influences depressive symptoms across different racial and gender groups.

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Implication

Longitudinal cohort study finds that education impacts depression differently by race, gender, and employment type, suggesting inequality in health benefits.

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Cite This Study

Minh et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a095ac47880e6d24efe0988 https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2026.2664082

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Unequal returns: how race, gender, and precarious employment shape the relationship between educational attainment and depressive symptoms in older American adults

Key Points

No abstract yet

Implication

Discussion

Cite This Study

Unequal returns: how race, gender, and precarious employment shape the relationship between educational attainment and depressive symptoms in older American adults

Key Points

No abstract yet

Implication

Discussion

Cite This Study

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