Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside attenuates paradoxical sleep deprivation–associated behavioral deficits and hippocampal/prefrontal cortex oxidative–inflammatory changes in rats

OBJECTIVES: Paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) elicits oxidative-inflammatory stress, causing neuro-behavioral impairment. Dietary cyanidine-3-O-glucoside (C3G) alleviates oxidative-inflammatory stress-associated brain damage. This study, for the first time, explored whether C3G provides a preventive influence against behavioral deficits and hippocampal/prefrontal oxidative-inflammatory changes in PSD rats and the possible involvement of tryptophan catabolism. METHODS: analyses for the interaction of C3G and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) was conducted. RESULTS: investigations accentuated the C3G and tryptophan catabolism enzyme (IDO) interaction. CONCLUSION: C3G protects the PSD rat brain regions by preventing oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitigating hydrolysis of ATP and AMP, in addition to regulating IDO activity/expression to alleviate behavioral impairment and alterations in histological features of the cortical and hippocampal regions of the brain.