Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira spirochetes. It is widespread worldwide, but remains uncommon in European countries. People who come into contact with water, soil, and animals, especially wild rodents, are at risk of infection. The course of the disease is usually mild, but severe cases presenting with multiorgan dysfunction are potentially fatal. When leptospirosis is suspected, rapid treatment is essential for avoiding life-threatening complications. This report discusses the case of a 51-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital with a history of several days of fever, weakness, vomiting, abdominal pain, and jaundice. His condition quickly deteriorated. Initial test results indicated acute liver and kidney injury and thrombocytopenia. Leptospirosis was considered when, upon further questioning, the patient reported the presence of rats in the kitchen where he worked. Serological tests supported the diagnosis of probable leptospirosis. Empirical treatment with ceftriaxone was effective as the patient’s condition improved significantly. This case describes the dynamic course of severe leptospirosis, a disease that is very rare in Poland.
Drupka et al. (2026) studied this question.