Abstract Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition and the leading cause of dementia, marked by cortical atrophy and synaptic dysfunction. Although age confers major risk, the disorder arises from multiple mechanisms that include cholinergic deficiency, dysregulated glutamatergic signaling, amyloid and tau pathology, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Therapeutic progress is constrained by limited drug efficacy and the restrictive blood–brain barrier. Nanotechnology offers solutions by enabling targeted delivery, sustained release and multimodal action. Liposomes equipped with receptor ligands, including transferrin or lactoferrin, improve transcytosis and deliver cholinergic agents or antibodies; responsive designs trigger release by pH, enzymes or redox state. Chitosan carriers support intranasal transport, protect growth factors and tune surface charge to balance stability and safety. Poly(lactic‐ co ‐ glycolic acid) systems address poor solubility and rapid clearance of small molecules such as thymoquinone through controlled biphasic release and surfactant‐assisted brain uptake. Curcumin‐centered formulations pair intrinsic antioxidant and anti‐amyloid activity with engineered penetration. Gold nanoparticles and quantum dots add diagnostic and therapeutic value by disrupting fibrillation, enabling biosensing and permitting image guided monitoring. Antibody‐decorated and magnetic iron oxide platforms further enhance specificity, support noninvasive imaging and enable guided delivery to amyloid‐rich regions. Despite promise, translation requires in vivo safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, scalable manufacture and attention to affordability. A rational future combines complementary payloads within a single nanocarrier to engage multiple nodes of disease biology. By aligning materials science with neurobiology, nanoengineered strategies can advance detection, symptom control and disease modification in Alzheimer's disease. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
M‐Atoom et al. (Fri,) studied this question.