Nursing management of a patient with calf muscle venous thrombosis complicated by bladder clot retention following oocyte retrieval: A case report

Rationale: Venous thrombosis and hemorrhagic complications are rare but clinically significant risks during assisted reproductive treatments. This report describes comprehensive, evidence-based nursing interventions in a patient who developed calf muscle venous thrombosis and subsequent bladder hemorrhage with clot retention following oocyte retrieval. Patient concerns: A female patient undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation presented with calf discomfort and later experienced gross hematuria and clot retention after transvaginal oocyte retrieval. Diagnoses: Intermuscular venous thrombosis of the calf with concurrent bladder hemorrhage. Interventions: A multidisciplinary, real-time nursing risk management strategy was implemented. Key interventions included enhancing the patient’s awareness of condition-related risks to promote active participation in care; continuous monitoring of bleeding risk through dynamic assessment of clinical indicators; strengthening acute-phase thrombosis management with early, evidence-based measures to prevent progression; optimizing bladder irrigation using a diluted hydrogen peroxide solution following careful evaluation of hemostatic and coagulation parameters; providing structured psychological support to address anxiety and emotional stress; and implementing phased, individualized follow-up nursing care after discharge, guided by Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory. Outcomes: Bleeding was successfully controlled, and the patient achieved favorable postoperative recovery without complications. During follow-up, systematic nursing interventions and health education reinforced self-care and risk awareness. In February 2025, the patient underwent frozen embryo transfer, achieved a successful pregnancy and delivery. Lessons: This case highlights the importance of comprehensive, evidence-based nursing management to address rare but serious complications of assisted reproductive procedures. Integrating real-time risk monitoring, targeted hemostatic interventions, psychological support, and structured follow-up care can optimize outcomes, enhance patient self-management, and improve long-term reproductive success.