New York City officials and the operators of the city's two overdose prevention centers (OPCs) are highlighting the harm reduction sites' milestone numbers in intervened overdoses (now more than 2, 000) and estimated savings to taxpayers (58 million, mainly in reduced first‐responder and hospital costs). At the same time, these leaders are mindful of a potentially more impactful number they they'll never be able to pinpoint: how many fatal overdoses may have been averted as a result of the availability of the OPC sites' combination of safe use and support services.
Gary Enos (2026) studied this question.