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regulatory T cells via TGF-β1 and promote a regenerative transcriptional signature in intestinal epithelial cells. The downstream impact of ILC3-derived TGF-β1 is conserved between mouse and humans, but the TGF-β1 activators expressed by ILC3 differ between the species. In IBD, where ILC3s are reduced in the inflamed intestinal regions, TGF-β1-production and activation machinery remains intact in ILC3s, suggesting this pathway is functional in disease and could be targeted to enhance intestinal homeostasis through promotion of epithelial regeneration and induction of regulatory T cells.
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Coman et al. (2025) studied this question.
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