Abstract This paper presents a method for photo‐realistic animation that can be applied to any face shown in a single imageor a video. The technique does not require example data of the person's mouth movements, and the image to beanimated is not restricted in pose or illumination. Video reanimation allows for head rotations and speech in theoriginal sequence, but neither of these motions is required. In order to animate novel faces, the system transfers mouth movements and expressions across individuals, basedon a common representation of different faces and facial expressions in a vector space of 3D shapes and textures.This space is computed from 3D scans of neutral faces, and scans of facial expressions. The 3D model's versatility with respect to pose and illumination is conveyed to photo‐realistic image and videoprocessing by a framework of analysis and synthesis algorithms: The system automatically estimates 3D shape andall relevant rendering parameters, such as pose, from single images. In video, head pose and mouth movements aretracked automatically. Reanimated with new mouth movements, the 3D face is rendered into the original images. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.7 Computer Graphics: Animation
Blanz et al. (2003) studied this question.