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List of figures and tables Preface Acknowledgements Part I. Writing and the Alphabet: 1. The historical development of writing Part II. The Influence of Early Forms of Writing: 2. Literacy and achievement in the Ancient World 3. Africa, Greece and oral poetry 4. Oral composition and oral transmission: the case of the Vedas Part III. Written and Oral Cultures in West Africa: 5. The impact of Islamic writing on oral cultures 6. Literacy and the non-literate: the impact of European schooling 7. Alternative paths to knowledge in oral and literate cultures 8. Memory and learning in oral and literate cultures: the reproduction of the Bagre 9. Writing and formal operations: a case study among the Vai Part IV. Writing and its Impact on Individuals in Society: 10. The interface between the sociological and psychological analysis of literacy 11. Language and writing 12. Recapitulations Notes Bibliography Index.
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Graff et al. (1989) studied this question.
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