Dislocation Climb Forces

With a definition of standard state in accord with common usage in thermodynamics, the chemical potential of vacancies is shown to yield the Peach-Koehler, Bardeen-Herring formulas, without any modifications, for the total force on a dislocation. The theory includes a derivation of the effect of internal stresses on the chemical potential of vacancies. The stability of dislocations under various conditions of stress, external and internal, and various conditions of vacancy equilibration, is discussed.