Invasive Hemodynamic Predictors of Survival in Patients With Mitral Stenosis Secondary to Mitral Annular Calcification

Background The aim of this study was to establish prognostic hemodynamic parameters in patients with mitral stenosis secondary to mitral annular calcification. Methods and Results A retrospective cohort of 105 patients undergoing transseptal catheterization for hemodynamic evaluation of mitral annular calcification–related mitral stenosis between 2004 and 2020 was studied. Mitral valve gradient (MVG) and mitral valve area (MVA; calculated by the Gorlin formula) were measured using direct left atrial and left ventricular pressures. The median age of the patients was 70.3 years (58.4–76.7 years), and 53.3% were women. The median MVA was 1.7 cm 2 (1.3–2.3 cm 2 ) and MVG was 7.3 mm Hg (5.3–10.3 mm Hg); left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure was 17.6±28.3 mm Hg. During a median of 2.1 years (0.7–4.5 years), there were 63 deaths; 1‐ and 5‐year survival were 76% and 40%, respectively. There was no association between left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure and survival. After adjusting for age and comorbidities, both MVA (hazard ratio [HR], 0.50 per cm 2 ; 95% CI, 0.34–0.73) and MVG (HR, 1.1 per mm Hg; 95% CI, 1.05–1.20) were independent predictors of death. Atrial fibrillation was also independently associated with mortality. When added to a combined model, MVA remained associated with death (HR, 0.51 per cm 2 ; 95% CI, 0.33–0.79) while MVG was not. Conclusions In patients with mitral annular calcification–related mitral stenosis, survival was poor. MVA and MVG were independently associated with death, but MVA was a better predictor of outcomes.