Key result
Blood biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress may facilitate non-invasive CMD screening.
Why the study?
Current invasive gold-standard testing for coronary microvascular dysfunction can be difficult, expensive, and harmful, prompting interest in accessible blood biomarkers to facilitate screening and diagnosis.
Can easily obtainable blood biomarkers reflect the pathophysiology of coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with microvascular angina?
Can easily obtainable blood biomarkers reflect the pathophysiology of coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with microvascular angina?
This review highlights the potential of blood biomarkers to serve as non-invasive diagnostic tools for coronary microvascular dysfunction, potentially reducing the need for invasive reactivity testing.
Should not yet change CMD diagnostic practice; leaves open prospective validation of endothelial biomarkers.
The current gold standard for diagnosis of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in the absence of myocardial diseases, whose clinical manifestation is microvascular angina (MVA), is reactivity testing using adenosine or acetylcholine during coronary angiography. This invasive test can be difficult to perform, expensive, and harmful. The identification of easily obtainable blood biomarkers which reflect the pathophysiology of CMD, characterized by high reliability, precision, accuracy, and accessibility may reduce risks and costs related to invasive procedures and even facilitate the screening and diagnosis of CMD. In this review, we summarized the results of several studies that have investigated the possible relationships between blood biomarkers involved with CMD and MVA. More specifically, we have divided the analyzed biomarkers into 3 different groups, according to the main mechanisms underlying CMD: biomarkers of "endothelial dysfunction," "vascular inflammation," and "oxidative stress." Finally, in the last section of the review, we consider mixed mechanisms and biomarkers which are not included in the 3 major categories mentioned above, but could be involved in the pathogenesis of CMD.
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Sucato et al. (2021) conducted a review in Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) and microvascular angina (MVA). Blood biomarkers was evaluated. Blood biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and oxidative stress may facilitate the non-invasive screening and diagnosis of coronary microvascular dysfunction.
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