The H+-ATPases of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria are complex enzymes that couple the synthesis and hydrolysis of adenosine 5′-triphosphate to transmembrane fluxes of protons. In both structure and chemical mechanism, this class of enzymes differs markedly from the ion-translocating ATPases found in most cellular plasma membranes.
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Richard E. McCarty (1985) studied this question.
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