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Abstract The use of a double-tailed cationic surfactant as additive in the dyeing of polyacrylonitrile with cationic dyes is proposed. Single-tailed colorless cations usually compete with the dyes for the anionic sites within the fibre and at the fibre surface, thus retarding and giving levelness to the dyeings. A set of comparative tests has shown that di-methyl-di-dodecylammonium chloride (DDDAC) behaves better by far, as retarding and levelling agent, than commercially well known single-tailed cations.
Barni et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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