Highlights: • Cross-over recycled wrought Al alloys from 1xxx to 7xxx series were designed. • α-Al twins were first observed in (Al3(Sc,Ti) + α-Al) eutectic cells in the as-cast state. • (Al3(Sc,Ti) + α-Al) eutectic cells restrict α-Al dendrite growth and refine the microstructure. • 0.5 wt% Sc provides 5 times stronger grain refinement than a commercial refiner. • Hypoeutectic addition enables grain refinement and fine SPPs simultaneously.
Que et al. (2026) studied this question.