Demonstrates enhanced iron delivery in rats using chitosan-stabilized nanoparticles, suggesting potential for food fortification.
• A nano-iron system was constructed using the cationic biopolymer chitosan. • The nanoparticles remained stable under pH shifts, heating, and freeze–thaw cycles. • Ch-FeONPs exhibited low pro-oxidant activity, making them suitable for food fortification. • Ch-FeONPs provided higher iron bioavailability and sustained release than FeSO₄ in rats. • DMT1, endocytosis, transcytosis, and ferroportin jointly mediated Ch-FeONPs absorption.
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Bai et al. (2026) studied this question.
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