Critical examination reveals how per-protocol analysis impacts randomization in endoscopic surgery trials, suggesting need for methodological improvements.
Natsuda Phothikun,1,* Pathomporn Pinon,1,* Ananchanok Saringkarinkul,1,* Techas Polperm,1,* Nitchakarn Plubnim,1,* Amarit Phothikun2–4,* 1Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 2Department of Biomedical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 3Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 4Clinical Surgical Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Amarit Phothikun, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intravaroros Road, Sri Phum, Mueang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand, Tel +66896333661, Email Armadillos176@gmail.com
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Phothikun et al. (2026) studied this question.
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