Randomized trial applies ITU framework to enhance power grid resilience and infrastructure, suggesting a comprehensive upgrade strategy.
We apply the Information-Theoretic Unification (ITU) framework (Terada 2026, concept DOI 10.5281/zenodo.20109209; current version v2.0.0 at 10.5281/zenodo.20133709) to infrastructure and power grid systems. Infrastructure is reframed as K_infrastructure = K_capital × K_network × K_maintenance — the K-skeleton (physical foundation) of civilization. This is Tier 1 paper #15, opening the K-skeleton axis and bringing the ITU polytope to 15 vertices. The Infrastructure vertex connects to 7 other vertices (degree 7). Pass-1 progress: 102 of 220 phases (46.4% — past mid-point of Pass-1). Phase 99: ITU foundation. Global infrastructure capital stock = $340 trillion (3.2x world GDP), annual renewal $10T (3% of stock). Power consumption 1990 11,800 to 2050 70,000 TWh (5.9x). Grid inertia H = 6.0s (1990) to 1.5s (2050 NZE) — below the 2.5s safety threshold, requiring grid-forming batteries. USA ASCE 2021 grade D+ (avg score 1.49), 10-year need $3.1T ($1T roads alone). K_capital dynamics: 1.5% USA investment → 29% decline over 50 years vs 2.5% sustainable. Phase 100 (MILESTONE): Smart grid + AI + resilience. Smart meters: 2B (2024, 20%) to 10B (2050, 95%). DERMS (rooftop solar + V2G + home batteries + heat pumps + smart buildings): 480 GW (2024) to 8,500 GW (2050) — exceeding central generation 7,000 GW (1.21x ratio). AI predictive maintenance: accuracy 90% (2024 advanced) to 99% (2035 AGI), cost reduction 50%, downtime reduction 94%. Resilience simulation under 30-day attack: AI-resilient grid R = 1.10 (attacks become learning opportunities) vs old grid R = 0.66. Phase 101: Industry, policy, international comparison. China leads with $1.5T/yr investment (8% GDP, 2.5x USA) via Xinjianjie $1.4T (5yr). USA IIJA $1.2T over 10yr + IRA $369B. EU NextGenEU EUR 750B + RePowerEU EUR 300B. Japan Kokudo Kyojinka (5yr) $100B focuses on aging + disaster. India NIP $1.3T. PPP global market: $20B (2000) to $200B (2024) to $600B (2050), 1,200 projects. Climate adaptation per IPCC AR6: $4.5T cumulative by 2050. Phase 102: 2026-2050 roadmap with 19 milestones and 10 falsifiable predictions (P_avg = 0.55). Key milestones: 2026 China Xinjianjie Phase 2, 2030 smart meters 40% global, 2032 MOSE expansion + Tokyo basin complete, 2035 V2G commercial, 2040 DERMS 5,000 GW, 2045 AGI infrastructure management, 2050 DERMS 8,500 GW (exceeds central) + climate adaptation $4.5T cumulative. Central thesis: infrastructure = K-skeleton (physical foundation) on which all other K-flows operate. dK_cap/dt = K_invest - K_decay is the governing equation, with most countries underfunding leading to intergenerational debt. AI (Tier 1 #2) + Robotics (#13) + Communications (#14) enable smart, self-healing, predictive infrastructure. The ITU 15-vertex polytope completes with K-skeleton axis. Infrastructure bidirectionally connects to AI/ASI (#2), Semi (#4), Economics (#8), Energy (#10), Climate (#11), Robotics (#13), Communications (#14). Communications (#14) and Climate (#11) remain tied as super-hubs at degree 10. Honest framing: Pass-1 interpretive paper reframing ASCE Report Card 2021, IEEE Power & Energy Society, IIJA/IRA/NextGenEU/Xinjianjie/Kokudo Kyojinka, IPCC AR6, McKinsey, World Bank, IEA, Singapore Virtual Singapore, NVIDIA Omniverse in ITU language. Numerical results match established literature. Includes 4 theory documents, 4 Python numerical experiments, 4 figures (PNG), 4 JSON summaries. Total runtime ~15 seconds.
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Munehiro Terada (2026) studied this question.
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