Estimates have been corrected so that river carbon flow is manifested as a land sink and a preindustrial ocean source of 0.45 PgC yr 1 (see auxiliary material). Contemporary air-sea fluxes (F contemp = F preindust + F anthro ) have been scaled to the 1992 -1996 period by assuming the anthropogenic component is proportional to the atmospheric concentration perturbation, but air-land fluxes are not scaled. Original estimates, uncorrected for river carbon and unscaled in time, are given in parentheses. ''IPCC-TAR 90s'' is the estimate of Prentice et al. [2001] for the 1990s; ''T3L1'' and ''T3L2'' are the TransCom3 control inversions for level 1 [Gurney et al., 2002] and level 2 [Gurney et al., 2004], respectively, both for the period 1992 -1996. ''Bopp O 2 /N 2 '' and ''Keeling O 2 /N 2 '' represent the oxygen analyses of Bopp et al. [2002] for the period 1990 -1996 and Keeling and Garcia [2002] for the 1990s, respectively. ''Joint'' is the current joint inversion for the period 1992 -1996. ''Gloor inverse'' is the previous ocean inversion of Gloor et al. [2003] scaled to 1992 -1996, a result nearly identical to that of McNeil et al. [2003] from CFC analysis. ''Matsumoto OCMIP'' is the summary of forward ocean carbon cycle simulations [Orr et al., 2001], as reported by Matsumoto et al. [2004], also scaled to 1992 -1996. ''Tak99'' and ''Tak02'' represent estimates based on the DpCO 2 analyses of Takahashi et al. [1999, 2002] respectively, using quadratic (''k $ u 2 '' [Wanninkhof, 1992]) and cubic (''k $ u 3 '' [Wanninkhof and McGillis, 1999]) gas transfer velocity parameterizations. ''MOM3 Forward'' are the 1992 -1996 fluxes from OCMIP2 biotic simulations for the five models of the MOM3 suite used in the present study (see Table
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Jacobson et al. (2007) studied this question.