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). Both were queried with 21 questions (biology, care, health) using two prompting styles: questions asked individually in separate chats and all questions asked within a single chat; responses were scored for accuracy and completeness. Both provided generally accurate information (≥2/3) without dangerous errors or "hallucinations." However, completeness varied; Gemini 2.5 Pro providing more detail. Prompting style was critical: individual prompts yielded far more comprehensive responses (average words: ChatGPT 136, Gemini 387) than combined prompts (ChatGPT 12, Gemini 64), which were sometimes incomplete, especially for ChatGPT-4o. Furthermore, the models demonstrated potential data biases - such as omitting commercial diets while recommending only larger-than-standard enclosures. LLMs can be useful starting points, but critical evaluation, effective prompting, and expert consultation remain essential to ensure animal welfare.
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Richard Digirolamo (2025) studied this question.
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