The paper demonstrates a framework for comparing various arithmetic dynamics across models, highlighting its general applicability.
The previous manuscripts in this program developed a general theory of sequence operatorsystems, multivariate coupling trees, a parity-progression formalism for the 3x + 1 problem,and a conditional level-ergodic bridge for density-one Collatz behavior. The present paper isdesigned as the next step: it demonstrates that the operator methodology is not a privatelanguage for the Collatz problem, but a portable framework for organizing and comparingseveral families of arithmetic dynamics. We apply the same conceptual package—generators,sequence-building laws, classification schemes, splitting operators, inherited weights, localstate transitions, and potential functions—to three model classes: generalized qx + 1 maps,geometric and residue-dynamical sequence families, and recurrence-generated systems.The main contribution is methodological but mathematically precise. We define canonicalsequence operator systems for these families, prove their basic well-definedness and closureproperties, identify natural invariant and potential candidates, and isolate the exact obstruc-tions that distinguish tame finite-state systems from wild cross-level systems. The paperthereby supplies evidence that the sequence-operator viewpoint is a general mathematicallanguage rather than a Collatz-specific encoding. It also explains why the Collatz case isexceptional: it combines a rigid local arithmetic template with nonlinear cross-level feedback,a combination not present in many simpler arithmetic, geometric, or recurrence models.
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Jianming Wang (2026) studied this question.
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