A single trapped ¹⁹⁸Hg⁺ ion was cooled by scattering laser radiation that was tuned to the resolved lower motional sideband of the narrow ²S1/2-²D5/2 transition. The different absorption strengths on the upper and lower sidebands after cooling indicated that the ion was in the ground state of its confining well approximately 95% of the time.
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Diedrich et al. (1989) studied this question.
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